The Nuclear Tipping Point: Why States Reconsider Their Nuclear Choices

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More than half a century after the advent of the nuclear age, is the world approaching a tipping point that will unleash an epidemic of nuclear proliferation? Today many of the building blocks of a nuclear arsenalscientific and engineering expertise, precision machine tools, software, design informationare more readily available than ever before. The nuclear pretensions of so-called rogue states and terrorist organizations are much discussed. But how firm is the resolve of those countries that historically have chosen to forswear nuclear weapons? A combination of changes in the international environment could set off a domino effect, with countries scrambling to develop nuclear weapons so as not to be left behindor to develop nuclear hedge capacities that would allow them to build nuclear arsenals relatively quickly, if necessary. The Nuclear Tipping Point examines the factors, both domestic and transnational, that shape nuclear policy. The authors, distinguished scholars and foreign policy practitioners with extensive government experience, develop a framework for understanding why certain countries may originally have decided to renounce nuclear weaponsand pinpoint some more recent country-specific factors that could give them cause to reconsider. Case studies of eight long-term stalwarts of the nonproliferation regimeEgypt, Germany, Japan, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Syria, Turkey, and Taiwanflesh out this framework and show how even these countries might be pushed over the edge of a nuclear tipping point. The authors offer prescriptions that would both prevent such countries from reconsidering their nuclear option and avert proliferation by others. The stakes are enormous and successis far from assured. To keep the tipping point beyond reach, the authors argue, the international community will have to act with unity, imagination, and strength, and Washington's leadership will be essential. Contributors include Leon Feurth, George Washington University; Ellen Laipson, Stimson Center; Thomas W. Lippman, Middle East Institute; Jenifer Mackby, Center for Strategic and International Studies; Derek J. Mitchell, Center for Strategic and International Studies; Jonathan D. Pollack, U.S. Naval War College; Walter B. Slocombe, Caplin and Drysdale; and Tsuyoshi Sunohara, Center for Strategic and International Studies.

• Deadly Arsenals: Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Threats, Revised Edition
• The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed, Second Edition
• Nuclear Logics: Contrasting Paths in East Asia and the Middle East (Princeton Studies in International History and Politics)
• Nuclear Safeguards, Security and Nonproliferation: Achieving Security with Technology and Policy
• Deterrence Now (Cambridge Studies in International Relations)

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Antifreeze - Vehicle Maintenance Tip

!: Antifreeze - Vehicle Maintenance Tip

Coolant that's used in today's modern engines usually contains a combination of water and antifreeze.

As its name indicates, antifreeze aids in the prevention of water freezing in a cooling system of a vehicle.

Automobiles in colder climates are frequently open to the elements of temperatures far below the freezing point of water-32 degrees Fahrenheit- so the purpose of "antifreeze" is very vital.

If water by itself was used in a cooling system during very cold temperatures, it would turn to ice quickly.

It's essential to remember that water expands, like ice cubes do in a freezer.

Water, which is the only known matter in the environment that does this, cold temperatures tend to make all other natural substances get smaller.

Water can expand so much in an engine block with such force that internal damage can occur, such as cracking. Should this happen, there is no other choice but to replace the complete engine block.

Vehicles that are poorly maintained, with the proper anti freeze ratio, most generally experience this problem.

As a result, you can see why it's so important that your water to antifreeze ratio be checked, especially in the case of you having added water to the system, antifreeze by itself lowers the freezing point of the mixture, the more antifreeze, the lower the freezing point.

As a general rule, no more than 70 percent of the total liquid volume in the cooling system should consist of antifreeze.

If any more than 70 percent is added to the cooling system, the mixture's ability to remove heat from the engine will be reduced greatly, possibly causing engine damage.

Temperatures of 32 degree Fahrenheit will freeze water!

On the other hand, water - antifreeze mixture will not freeze until a much lower temperature.

Adequate temperature protection is normally reached with a 50 - 50 ratio for most vehicles.

Vehicles operated in colder climates may require more antifreeze, while those in warmer climates may require less antifreeze.

When in doubt always refer to your owner's manual or your local service technician for proper water - antifreeze mixtures.

For those that would like to check it yourself, there are antifreeze testers available at your favorite retail outlet.

Antifreeze - Vehicle Maintenance Tip

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A Look at Malcolm Gladwell's "The Tipping Point"

!: A Look at Malcolm Gladwell's "The Tipping Point"

How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference

It seemed like a fitting time to revisit The Tipping Point since times are somewhat tumultuous (or at least being presented that way) with the political season, stock market changes and more. It seems we are very near a new "tipping point" and during times of change it's always good to explore what triggers change and makes epidemics occur.

The Tipping Point is an excellent source for recognizing upcoming shifts and what makes them stick.

Gladwell eloquently illustrates how little things make a big difference. It only takes one different approach or element to dramatically change the way people view the world, how we react to certain information and more. I think most of us have embraced this notion at least to some degree.

One of my favorite ways to look at change is to consider this quote that I've heard used throughout Glazer-Kennedy. "Little hinges open big doors." I also like the fact that this particular quote is a more positive approach to change. A hopeful look at what's behind the big door.

Gladwell explores the three rules of epidemics, how they manifest themselves and more. The basic premise of the book is that it only takes three elements to create an epidemic.

1) The Law of the Few: This follows the basic rule of thumb that 20% of people do 80% of the work. The same it true of creating epidemics. Thought leaders ban together to present and distribute information that sways public opinion.

2) The Stickiness Factor: This isn't new to most seasoned marketers - your message must have some staying power, create interest and become contagious in a sense. It's all about restructuring messages to make them appealing with more impact.

3) The Power of Context: The key to connecting with others, making them want to change behavior or buy into a particular train of thought is in the smallest details pertaining to immediate situations. Simply put it's all about presentation and doing so in a way that evokes emotion and buy in.

This sounds surprisingly familiar to most marketing strategies yet it is a bit more complex. According to Gladwell, there are three types of personalities that are instrumental in bringing topics, trends, and more to the tipping point; Connectors, Mavens and Salesmen. Each possesses special gifts and goals that contribute to the tipping point (you'll have to read the book to find the characteristics of each).

The theory of the Tipping Point requires reframing the way we individually think about the world to forge change.

There are two big lessons of The Tipping Point:

The first is that starting any epidemic requires concentrating on a few key areas to gain momentum. This is easily illustrated by word of mouth marketing and the energy it creates to effortlessly spread the word about individual topics or issues of importance.

The second is the realization that the world does not accord with our intuition no matter how much we want it to. Those who are successful at creating epidemics know they must go beyond doing what they think is right and actually test their intuitions and ideas. This combination ensures success.

It stands to reason that focusing on more positive approaches, solutions and mindsets will in turn create an epidemic of abundance and at the same time the opposite is true depending on YOUR world view. I encourage you to read this book and ask yourself:

"What is my worldview?"

"What am I doing to create positive change?"

A Look at Malcolm Gladwell's "The Tipping Point"

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El Punto Clave/The Tipping Point: Como los Pequenos Cambios Pueden Provocar Grandes Efectos [With Headphones] (Spanish Edition)

!: Low Cost El Punto Clave/The Tipping Point: Como los Pequenos Cambios Pueden Provocar Grandes Efectos [With Headphones] (Spanish Edition) look to

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The Tipping Point is that magic moment when an idea, trend, or social behavior crosses a threshold, tips, and spreads like wildfire. In this widely acclaimed New York Times® bestseller, Gladwell explores and brilliantly illuminates the tipping point phenomenon, and looks at why major changes in our society so often happen suddenly and unexpectedly. Just as a single sick person can start an epidemic of the flu, so too can a small but precisely targeted push cause a fashion trend, the popularity of a new product, or a drop in the crime rate. An intellectual adventure story and a road map to change, with a profoundly hopeful message that one imaginative person applying a well-placed lever can move the world. Description in Spanish:En esta obra revolucionaria, que sigue ocupando los primeros puestos en las listas de ventas de Estados Unidos, Gladwell analiza la trayectoria de varios productos y tendencias de gran éxito hasta descubrir cómo y por qué se alcanza el punto de inflexión a partir del cual algo se convierte en un fenómeno de masas: la clave del éxito. Gladwell nos presenta a personas responsables de difundir nuevas ideas y tendencias -los creadores naturales del boca a oreja- y examina la moda, los programas infantiles de televisión, la conducta de los fumadores y hasta la publicidad directa, con el fin de dilucidar el proceso del contagio de ideas.

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